Headgear with displaceable sensors for electrophysiology measurement and training

ABSTRACT

A method and system provides for headgear usable for electrophysiological data collection and analysis and neurostimulation/neuromodulation or brain computer interface for clinical, peak performance, or neurogaming and neuromodulation applications. The headgear utilizes dry sensor technology as well as connection points for adjustable placement of the bi-directional sensors for the recoding of electrophysiology from the user and delivery of current to the sensors intended to improve or alter electrophysiology parameters. The headgear allows for recording electrophysiological data and biofeedback directly to the patient via the sensors, as well as provide low intensity current or electromagnetic field to the user. The headgear can further include auditory, visual components for immersive neurogaming. The headgear may further communication with local or network processing devices based on neurofeedback and biofeedback and immersive environment experience with balance and movement sensor data input.

PRIORITY CLAIMS

The present application is a Continuation of and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/568,385 filed Dec. 12, 2014, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/458,673 filed Aug.13, 2014, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,938,301, which is acontinuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/742,066 filed Jan. 15, 2013, which is a continuation of andclaims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/543,204, filedJul. 6, 2012, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,380,316, which is a continuationof and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/979,419,filed Dec. 28, 2010, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,239,030, which is basedon and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/292,791 filed Jan. 6, 2010.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material,which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The disclosed technology relates generally to the headgear providingmeasurement, neuromodulation and feedback sensors for neurologicalmeasurements and modulation by delivery of current to sensors. Morespecifically, the technology relates to headgear having attachable andmoveable wet or dry sensor technology, as well as feedback processingfunctionality for electrophysiology measuring, testing and feedback.

BACKGROUND

Traumatic brain injuries can result in physical and/or emotionaldysfunction. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are similarto those of a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the two aredifficult to differentiate using current assessment methodologies suchas symptom assessments and questionnaires.

The brain is composed of about 100 billion neurons, more than 100billion support cells and between 100 and 500 trillion neuralconnections. Each neuron, support cell and neural connection isextremely delicate, and the neural connections are tiny (approximately 1micrometer). When the brain moves within the skull, such as occurs inrapid acceleration/deceleration (e.g., exposure to sudden impact and/orexplosive devices), axons within the brain can pull, stretch and tear.If there is sufficient injury to the axon or support cells, the cellwill die, either immediately or within a few days. Such damage can occurnot only in the region that suffered direct trauma but in multipleregions (e.g., diffuse axonal injury).

Wearable wireless transmitting physiology sensors and digital recordingand processing of these human physiology measurements have permitted newtechnologies to measure and modify human physiology and to treatdisorders from remote locations around the world.

Prior headgear techniques utilize dry sensor technology, which isexpensive, uncomfortable for scalp contact applications, and withunreliable signal quality over areas covered by hair. As a result onlysaline and gel based connection solutions have permitted adequate signalquality with more comfortable electrode contact to skin. Theselimitations have resulted in little use of electrophysiology measuresand brain computer interface interventions that are for the most partside effect free.

Further, the design of caps and headsets have been such that users willonly wear them for hospital or clinical applications and not for dailyuse where fashion pressures guide wearable technology decisions andbehavior. The lack of fashionable aspects to the headgear, as well asthe headgear lacking properly integrated audio and/or visual outputs,limits usage of the underlying technology.

Finally, the software interface has lacked a level of gaming engagementthat further reduces ones interest to use the technology, no matter theclinical and peak performance benefits. With the advent of no contactsensor technology and new electronics able to fit into very small andflexible circuit boards with wireless low energy demands,electrophysiology measurement and training technology can be craftedinto aesthetically appealing forms that coincide with current fashiontrends.

The ability for a high fashion worthy design to coexist with dry sensortechnology is further advanced when joined with neurogaming softwarethat is interactive and modified by the users own electrophysiology.Game play is both enjoyable and physiologically enhancing such thatusers can play games while unknowingly developing improved cognitive andemotional processing.

The ability for a mobile design to coexist with dry sensor technologyand visual tracking technology and be worn in natural environments thatis further advanced when joined with neuromarketing software thatquantify user interest in displayed products and related marketing needspresented to the user. Worn neuromarketing headset is both comfortableand captures electrophysiology paired in real time to visual tracking ofstimuli such that users and marketing assessment entities can obtainenhanced information about user preference.

As such, there exists a need for improved headgear integrating sensortechnology for use with neuro data collection and processing softwarefor improved user access and functionality.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

A high-end head wearable speaker system allows a user to listen tomusic, take phone calls, and also engage games with the power andpersonal control of brain and heart and balance. Using ultra highimpedance electrophysiological sensors, it is now possible to record EMGsignals, ECG signals and/or EEG signals at the surface of the skin moreeasily and reliably than with prior technologies. When combined withultra-high impedance movement sensors there is now the ability to reducedisruptive artifact thereby permitting cleaner physiological signal foranalysis. The non-contact solid state electric potential sensor can beused to identify movement at or near the sensor connection point andthereby control for a cleaner or artifact free signal output.

At the sensor or electrode point, a magnetic connector is part of thesensor/electrode so that the sensor can be easily attached to theheadset along a conductive track and similarly removed for cleaning orrapid replacement with the same or alternate style sensors.

The system and method and underlying technology provides for thecollection of physiology data for remote processing and returnedfeedback via the headgear. Therein, the headgear facilitates varioustypes of operations, including clinical use applications, personal datacollection or bio-hacking operations, gaming operations, amongst others.

For example, with gaming operations, one embodiment includes a hand-heldtablet that displays the game while a wireless electrophysiology signalis processed on the headset streaming EEG, heart rate, andmovement/balance data to the game interface for a real time human brainand heart function interplay. Automated scripted software permituntrained users to collect electrophysiology data for measurement anddiagnostic purposes while also offering real time brain computerinterface training or therapy.

The system and method includes headgear technology with improved sensortechnology, as well as improved usage characteristics where thecollection of data using one or more data collection techniques. Thesetechniques may include the performance of one or more tests usingelectrophysiology equipment, including wired and/or wireless equipment.The testing data is then collected, collated, assembled and may bepre-processed as necessary. The data is then transmitted to one or morecentral processing devices for the performance of processing operationsthereon.

In the real-time network-based or cloud-based processing technique, thedata is processed and managed. Variety of processing operations areperformed on the data to better understand and analyze the data, as wellas catalog and centrally store the data.

In accordance with these and other objects, which will become apparenthereinafter, the disclosed technology will now be described withparticular reference to the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a device for taking measurements;

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a block diagram of a method forcarrying measurements;

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a processing environment for themeasurements and processing described herein;

FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a helmet with electrodes used inthe taking of measurements;

FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a data flow cycle;

FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a head geardevice with electrodes for taking measurements;

FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of the head gear device of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 illustrates an underside view of the head gear device of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the track systemof the head gear device of FIG. 6;

FIGS. 10a and 10b illustrate views of one embodiment of a sensordisposed within the headgear;

FIG. 11 illustrates a connector device disposed within a cross-bar ofthe headgear; and

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a printed circuit board forfunctionality of the headgear device.

A better understanding of the disclosed technology will be obtained fromthe following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken inconjunction with the drawings and the attached claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are described herein, both directly and inherently.However, it is understood that the described embodiments and examplesare not expressly limiting in nature, instead illustrate examples of theadvantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general,statements made in the specification of the present application do notnecessarily limit any of the various claimed inventions and it isrecognized that additional embodiments and variations recognized by oneor more skilled in the art are incorporated herein.

As noted above, the improved headgear includes improvements in sensorconnections, fashionable aspects, usability and integration of audioand/or video stimuli, for the measurement of electrophysiology data. Thedata is collected and processed in a local or networked or server-basedprocessing environment.

FIG. 1 illustrates a measurement device used to measure the initialdata. A helmet 100 comprises at least one, or a plurality of, electrodes106 (represented as white dots). The helmet may be any receptacle thatholds the electrodes in a position relative to the head of a wearer, oralternatively, electrodes may be taped or otherwise placed on the head.The helmet 100 may also be updated using the headgear described below,wherein the headgear incorporates various helmet 100 aspects. Earphones102, goggles 104 and/or another display device (e.g. a smallhigh-resolution display) are used to exhibit stimuli to a user,integrate with visual tracking software, the stimuli used to varymeasurable brain and heart function and balance activity.

The electrodes 106 are electrically connected to one of an electricalstimulation device 150 or electrical measuring device (e.g., a sensor),such as by way of amplifier 152. The same electrode or electrodes may bedisconnected from one such device and connected to another such device,such as by way of changing an electrical pathway (switch) or byphysically disconnecting an electrical wire from one device, andplugging into another. Other devices, not shown, include force platforms(measure postural deviations of person), devices to alter the display onthe goggles 104, and devices to alter the sound through the earphones102, and input devices such as a computer mouse, keyboards, andjoysticks.

Referring now to visual stimuli exhibited on a display device, such asthe goggles 104 of FIG. 1, the visual stimuli produced may be an“immersive environment,” for example a virtual reality 2- or 3-dimensionmoving “room” displayed through a virtual reality headset. The datacollected from the balance plate, heart rate monitor, EEG, and so forth,can be used in conjunction with the visual stimuli forneurophysiological trauma assessment and/or rehabilitation training. Thedata collected from this component, as well as all other components maybe linked with data collected from other components (e.g., EEG, ERP,ECG, balance) for assessment purposes.

The system shown in FIG. 1 may further comprise a vestibular activationtest (VAT) headset permitting a computerized test that monitors thevestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during natural motion. A VAT headsetuseful for the systems described herein may produce images and/or recordeye movements. Images displayed in the VAT headset may be generated bycomputer-implemented instructions and transmitted via electricalimpulses to the VAT headset via wireless or direct connection. Eyemovements may be recorded by way of the VAT headset. The VOR is a reflexeye movement that stabilizes images on the retina during head movementby producing an eye movement in the direction opposite to head movement,thus preserving the image on the center of the visual field. As oculartrauma is often concomitant with traumatic brain injury, this componentallows additional assessment of injury.

The measurements of electrophysiological data of a patient may includemeasurements acquired from dry or wet sensors or functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRs) optical fibers that send light into thescalp at wavelengths in the range of 650-850 nms. The sensors and/orfNIRs may be attached to the non-invasive brain stimulation ormodulation helmet/cap described herein.

Moreover, for clarity purposes, as used herein, a patient may refer toan individual under direct care or supervision of a doctor, but apatient is not so limited and may further include any suitable user orclient wherein measurement data is acquired and analyzed as describedherein. For example, a patient may include non-medically related uses,such as an athlete and the review/analysis of electrophysiological dataof an athlete to analyze possible concussion data. Another example of apatient may be soldiers with the review/analysis of electrophysiologicaldata of the soldiers to analyze data relative to possible traumaticbrain injury or post traumatic stress disorder.

FIG. 2 shows a high level block diagram of a method for acquiring themeasurements. In step 210, non-invasive measurements are made ofelectrical current in the brain of a test subject. This is accomplishedby way of electrodes placed on a test subject, such as in a helmet shownin FIG. 1. In this manner, EEG and ERP signals may be recorded,measured, and analyzed. A single electrode may be used to carry out themeasuring in step 214, or a plurality of electrode pairs may be used instep 212. The position of the electrodes is known, and each electrode ora grouping thereof is placed over a definable region of the brain, theregion defined by a person carrying out embodiments of the disclosedtechnology. The region is defined as a specific brain area of interestfor the recording, as defined by a person carrying out embodiments ofthe disclosed technology and may be a region covered by a singleelectrode pair or as large as half a hemisphere of a brain. Electrodesmay also be grouped into clusters, such as with a single anodesurrounded by three or more cathodes, or a single cathode surrounded bythree or more anodes. Such clusters are electrically connected, suchthat electric current flows non-invasively through the proximal tissuefrom anode(s) to cathode(s), stimulating the brain (stimulating, hereinis defined as passage of electrical current through the brain andincludes increasing or decreasing neuron activity at a site). Thereby,the system can provide neurostimluation and/or neuromodulation to theuser.

While conducting step 210, typically, step 220 is also carried out whichcomprises providing sensory stimulus to a person. This may be done byway of, for example, the goggles shown in FIG. 1 for a visualstimulation 222, auditory stimulation 224, balance stimulation 226,biofeedback measurements 228, or other sensory stimulations known in theart.

Stress tests and peak performance tests may also be performed todetermine, for example, how many times a minute a person is able torespond to a stimulus, or how long a person can hold his/her breath orbalance on a force platform, etc.

Based on the electrical measurements, that is, EEG or ERP measurements,an abnormality in a region of the brain is determined in step 230. Anabnormality may be any of the following: electrical activity which istoo infrequent, too frequent, too low in amplitude, too large inamplitude, an improper pattern of electrical activity,inter-intra-hemispheric connectivity, electrical activity in the wrongportion of the brain for the stimulus given, or the like.

In step 240, based on the located functional abnormality, non-invasivebrain stimulation (such as tDCS or tACS) is administered at the regionof the Abnormality. In certain cases, the same electrode which was usedto measure the electrical impulses within the brain is used toadminister tDCS, tACS, or other electrical stimulation. In this manner,accuracy of the stimulated region may be assured, as there is nodifference in the physical location on the head where the existingelectrical impulse was measured, versus where the new electricalstimulation is administered. The place of administering may be as littleas a single anode/cathode pair (or cluster), or may use multipleanode/cathode pairs (or clusters).

Whereby the device of FIG. 1 provides for collection of data, FIG. 3illustrates an embodiment of processing environment providing for theremote database and data analysis method and system operations. In thissystem, the local processing client 302 may be any suitable localprocessing device including but not limited to the collection ofmeasurement data, and/or one or more processing systems for executinginterface operations. For example, in one embodiment the localprocessing client may be a personal computer or a tablet computer havinga browser or application for executing the interface functionalitydescribed herein.

The network 304 may be any suitable network providing communicationthereacross. In one embodiment, the network 302 is an Internetconnection across a public access network, wherein it is recognized thatthe network may include a private and/or secure network, as well asnetwork exchanges via one or more service providers. The network 304operates to facilitate the communication of data between the localprocessing client 302 and the server-side network processing clients306.

The server-side network processing clients 306 may be any suitablenumber of network-processing devices. In one embodiment, the client 306may be a dedicated processing server, wherein in another embodiment, theclient 306 may be any suitable number of distributed computer resourcesfor processing operations as described herein.

As part of the data collection for client 306 processing, FIG. 4 shows aperspective view of a helmet with electrodes used in embodiments of thedisclosed technology. The helmet 400 comprises multiple electrodes, suchas electrodes 442, 444, and 446. As can be seen in the figure, aplurality of electrodes are spaced apart around the interior of a helmetor other piece of headgear and are adapted for both reading electricalactivity from the brain of the wearer and delivering new impulses. Thatis, by way of a single electrode, plurality thereof, cluster ofelectrodes, or plurality of clusters, a joint brain electro-analysis andtranscranial current stimulation system (tCS) comprises a plurality ofspaced-apart removable and replaceable electrodes arranged in an item ofheadgear. An electroencephalography device (such as an EEG) is wired toeach of the electrodes, as is a transcranial direct current stimulationdevice (at the same time or by way of a switch or plugging/unplugging acable between the devices).

In one embodiment, cable 450 allows for electrical connectivity betweenthe electrodes and either or both of a tCS and EEG device. In oneembodiment, the cable may be eliminated using wireless connectivity andcommunication techniques. Further, a visor 460 is integrated with thehelmet in embodiments of the disclosed technology for opticalstimulation (e.g. a video monitor). The visor may be an embeddeddisplay, as illustrated in FIG. 4 or in another embodiment may includean auxiliary or augmented display, such as pair of glasses or animmersive screen technology, as described in further detail below.

Upon measuring an electroencephalography anomaly in a brain region withthe electroencephalography device, transcranial direct currentstimulation is engaged to at least one anode and at least one cathodeelectrode to the brain region where said anomaly was measured.Additional devices such as a force plate, visual stimuli utilizinginteractive games and tests, and the like, may also be utilized.

As used herein, the tCS may be transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) or transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). The datacollection techniques and operations, as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/742,066 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,380,316 and U.S.Pat. No. 8,239,030 are herein incorporated by reference.

The data is collected and thus provided to one or more remote dataprocessing systems. These remote data processing systems may beconnected via a networked connection, including in one embodiment anInternet-based connection. In additional embodiments, the networking maybe via a private or secure network. Wherein, it is noted thatInternet-based connections include the processing of security featureswith the data, to insure the privacy of the data during transmission.

For example, one embodiment may include a data collection computingdevice, such as a personal computer or other type of processing device,operative to receive the electrophysiology data. The processing devicetherein provides for the encryption or inclusion of security features onthe data and the transmission to one or more designated locations. Forexample, one embodiment may include the compression of the data into a“.zip” file.

The server further provides for the storage of the data and retention ofdata information. In this embodiment, the server creates a postscriptformatted file, such as a PDF file and the database is then updated toinclude storage of this information. In one embodiment the databasefurther includes enhancements to maximize storage, including determiningif the data to be stored is duplicative. If the data is duplicative, asingle data link can be provided, but if the data is not duplicative,then separate access to the data is provided.

The data acquired from the device may be processed locally or acrossnetwork. In a typical embodiment, the user or client is a doctor orother medical specialist having the ability to review, understand andadvise a patient based on the data generated in the reports. As notedabove, the data generated in the reports relate to the electrophysiologydata acquired from patients.

The complete system consists of a wireless amplifier equipped to recordartifact free electrical signals from the brain and heart and alsoposition in space using a nine or greater accelerometer. This samedevice is configured to deliver electric current back to the sensorsthat are in contact with the scalp in order to facilitated non-invasivebrain stimulation. Sensors make contact with this skin using either drysensors or electro dermal gel or saline impregnated sensor forconsistent sensor to skin connectivity measured by impedance.

The software provides for automated data collection using scriptsoftware and self-guided instructions. The software sends the resultingdata for algorithm processing either on the CPU or on a dedicated secureserver through an internet connection. This data is processed on the CPUand processed either on the installed database and processing softwareor transmitted to the cloud-based server where processing takes place.

The data analysis is returned in a report format showing physiologygraphics and interpretive results from which the user can makeintervention or diagnostic decisions. Several comparison databases canbe selected from within the software to provide a comparison measure forthe data analysis. Pre-set EEG training protocols (e.g., theta:betaratio training for attention; alpha:theta ratio training for relaxation)are configured for automated home or clinic based training.

Individual baseline data can also be utilized so that the individual'sdata can be compared to an earlier data sample. An example of this is aprofessional athlete having his or her pre-season baseline that is usedfor comparison following a concussion. This is particularly useful forsingle-subject design research of change over time and interventionresults. Group databases such as peak performance or pathologycomparison databases (i.e., Alzheimer's disease sample database) arealso available for selection and data comparison. Intervention optionsinclude real-time noise and artifact removal algorithms that permit EEGand ECG training devoid of movement and other disruptive artifact orsignal noise. Individual differences from the selected comparisondatabase permits specific or individually derived interventions asnon-invasive brain stimulation (e.g., tDCS/tACS) and brain computerinterface (sLORETA/eLORETA brain computer interface, wavelettime-frequency neurofeedback, event-related potential neurofeedback;Brodman Area selection, neurofeedback, neuro-network brain computerinterface) and peripheral biofeedback such as heart rate variabilitybiofeedback).

The brain computer interface or neurofeedback can include any number ofoperations or techniques, including for example low resolution brainelectromagnetic topography source localization feedback and surfaceelectroencephalography amplitude or phase or coherence feedback.

The user receives report and intervention information from cloud-basedserver interface or from optional embedded software on the CPU for usagewhere internet connectivity is not possible.

The results of the data analysis include a protocol that directs thenon-invasive brain stimulation sensor placements and current parameters.These stimulation protocols can be manually or automatically selected toprovide the user with both brain compute interface training and brainstimulation or brain modulation interventions.

The rapid assessment and re-assessment of the brain and other measuresincluded in the physiology measurement battery allows for rapiddetermination of brain computer interface training location andfrequency protocols and also brain stimulation or modulation usingelectric current. The re-assessment quantifies the difference from thebaseline measure in order to generate a report showing the change madeby either or both brain computer interface and electric current brainmodulation.

The re-assessment then provides an updated intervention protocol.Protocols will vary based on the assessment results such that thedifferent locations on the scalp may be stimulated with differentpolarity at the sensor and with more or less milliamps than one another.Users can manually define scalp location, polarity at the sensor, andmilliamp levels and duration at each location. Users can also selectfrom pre-defined protocols to increase or decrease regional neuronalactivity.

The same data analysis report provides illustration and instruction onthe current flow through the brain tissue in order to further quantifythe cortical excitability relevant to the users clinical or performanceintent. Current flow reporting aid the user with further and morespecific brain modulation targeting protocols using Talairach locationsand Brodmann Areas. The availability of the data analysis and reports onthe web portal allows for telemedicine access and review.

The sensors permit real time stimulation with electrical current andsimultaneous recording of EEG using signal filters that remove theelectrical stimulation and permit only the EEG and event relatedpotentials to be recorded and processed. This feature permits the userto combine targeted brain stimulation with brain computer interfacetraining using real time artifact correction. Simultaneous neurofeedbackwith stimulation allows for data analysis showing the focal changes ormodulation in the brain from the individual or combined interventionmodalities.

FIG. 5 illustrates a circular data flow diagram representing thecircular operations described herein. Step 500 includes the assessmentand re-assessment protocols, such as EEG, ECG, Balance, ERP, etc. Step502 is the automated data analysis on a CPU or networked server. Step504 is the report output, which may include output in graphical formatwith interpretation data. The report 504 may further include targetedbrain stimulation protocol, functional training protocol with braincomputer interface.

Continuing in the cycle of FIG. 5, step 506 is the automated or manualselection of brain stimulation protocol and/or brain computer interfacetraining protocol. Step 508 is an optional real-time assessment duringbrain stimulation or brain computer interface training. Step 510provides automated reporting that reflects changes following brainintervention(s) with report output, which can be available to a userincluding HIPAA-compliant web or network portals.

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a device for collecting dataand providing user feedback. This device 600 includes earpieces 602 withspeakers 604. The device 600 further includes a top cross-bar 606 andside-bars 608, the bars, 606 and 608, having a track 610 thereacrosswith sensors 612 disposed therein. The device 600 additionally includesa hinge 614 for the side-bars 608. Further embodiments include anarticulating arm 618 having a lens 620 thereon.

The headgear 600 may be composed of one or more suitable materials,including plastic, metal or carbon fiber by way of example. Theearpieces 602 are representative embodiments of engagement portionsproviding for engaging the user's head and securing placement of thesensors 612. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6, the speakers 604are disposed within the engagement portions of the earpieces 602,providing for the audio output of sound consistent with known speakertechnology. In this embodiment, the earpiece 602 and speaker 604 includecushioning 616 that not only improves user comfort in wearing thedevice, but also improves sound isolation of the speaker to minimize orreduce any ambient noise.

The cross bar 606 and side bars 608 include the track 610 that allowsfor the insertion of the sensors 612. The sensors 612 may be anysuitable sensors that connect into the track for electrical connectionwith the device 600. In one embodiment, the sensors 612 are dry sensors,where the dry sensors are attached using magnets for easy removal andreplacement in-between users and for alternate sensor or electrode typeattachments. The same system both provides EEG/ERP measures but alsodelivers brain stimulation using direct current and/or alternatingcurrent, as described above.

When worn by a user, the sensors 612 are in contact with the user'scranium, wherein the location of the sensors 612 can be adjusted bymovement of the sensor 612 along the track 610 within the cross-bars 606and 608.

The hinge 612, disposed on both sides of the cross-bar 606, allows forthe articulation of the of the side bars 608 away from or towards thecross-bar 608. Therefore, when worn by the user, the sensor 612 locationof the user's cranium can also be adjusted by the inward or outwardarticulation of the side bars 608.

In embodiments including the arm 618 and the lens 620, the headgear 600allows for the visual display of content on the lens 620. The positionsor location of the lens 620 relative the user can be adjusted by theadjustment of the arm 618. The arm 618 includes wiring (not readilyvisible) for providing an output signal to the lens 620. In oneembodiment, the lens 620 may be a high-definition lens operative toprovide a visual output viewable by the user, where as described herein,the user can be subjected to visual stimuli for feedback generation viathe headgear. In this embodiment, the lens 620 operates similar to thevisual display goggles 104 of FIG. 1 or the visor 460 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of the headgear 600. The side viewillustrates the inward or outward articulation of the cross-bars 608from a centerline of the cross-bar 606. The headgear 600 can be wornsimilar to commercially available musical headphones. The side viewadditionally illustrates the ear covering portions 602. As described infurther detail below, the earpiece 602 includes processing functionalityallowing for electrophysiological measurements and interaction. Alsovisible in FIG. 7, the lens 620 extends outward via the arm 618.

FIG. 8 illustrates a bottom or underside view of the headgear 600,including the earpieces 602, the cross-bar 606, the side bars 608, wherethe bars 606 and 608 include the tracks 610 and sensors 612. Asillustrated, the tracks 610 extend across the bars 606, 608, allowingfor adjusting the placement of the sensors 612. The sensors 612 can belocated in the center (as illustrated), moved towards the left earpiece602 or moved towards the right earpiece 602.

The location of the track further allows for the placement of multiplesensors 612 on the track 610, covering various regions of the user'scranium.

For further illustration of the track 610, FIG. 9 illustrates across-section of the bars 606, 608. In this embodiment, the tracks runalong the interior side of the crossbars 606, 608, with a gap allowingfor the insertion of the sensor therein.

FIG. 10a and FIG. 10b illustrate perspective views of one embodiment ofthe sensors 612. The top portion of the sensor 612 includes connectionmembers 620 for passing through the openings of the tracks 610 andinserting into an electrical channel disposed within the bars 606, 608.

FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of an electrical channel 630 housingwithin the crossbars 606 and 608. The channel 630 includes at least twochannels for passing current, such as alternative or direct current) tothe sensors, as well as for transmitting feedback readings from thesensor to one or more control units.

In the assembly of the headgear 600, the sensor 612 snaps or engages thetrack 610 for being held in place, and the connectors 622 engage theelectrical channel. The sensors 612 may be moved lengthwise across thearch of the bars 606, 608, for different cranium engagement points onthe user wearing the headgear. In one embodiment, the dry sensors areattached using magnets for easy removal and replacement in-between usersand for alternate sensor or electrode type attachments. The same systemprovides EMG, EEG and/or ERP measurements but also delivers brainstimulation using direct and alternating current.

FIG. 10b illustrates another perspective view of the sensor 612,illustrating the downward portion of the sensor 612 that engages theuser's cranium. In this embodiment, the sensor 612 is a dry contactsensor that includes a plurality of contact pins or engagement pins thatare operative to transmit current into the user's scalp and/or receivingmeasurements or readings from the user's scalp.

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a printed circuit board disposedwithin the earpiece 602 on the headgear 600. The printed circuit boardincludes processing operations for providing functionality as describedherein. The circuit board includes, in one embodiment, wirelessfunctionality allowing for the headgear 600 to not require a wiredconnection to a secondary computing device. In one embodiment, theprinted circuit board provides functionality for engaging the sensors indetermining optimized placement, as well as execution ofelectrophysiology interaction.

In further embodiments, the headgear includes additional functionality,which can be further beneficial for electrophysiological interaction.For example, the headgear may include a movement displacement sensor todetect head movement, as well as multi-dimensional plane orientation.For example, inclusion of displacement technology can help determine ifthe user is looking up, looking down, tilting his or her head, etc.

The combined hardware sensor array, firmware, and software within theheadset device incorporates high quality microphone for voice commandsand phone calls and includes high fidelity speakers for listening toauditory prompts and to listen to music. In one embodiment, materialsare hypoallergenic. Headset is equipped with on-board circuitry for fullsignal processing and wireless transfer of data and real time clock andsynchronization of stimulus presentation and measured physiology andbalance or movement. In one embodiment, the headset is charged usingcontact charging points, where further embodiments may utilize any othersuitable charging or re-charging technique. For example, in oneembodiment, the headset includes a power engagement button for poweringon and turning off the headset. In one embodiment, the power engagementbutton may be centrally located within an outside cover of theengagement portion.

Headset design permits multiple magnetic attached scalp sensor andproximity sensors that allow recording of EEG and ECG/BVP physiologydata.

The headset has the advantage of being as fully functional as the higherend headphones but also adding brain computer interface and heartcomputer interface recording and modulation components. The device usesnon-contact dry sensors to measure heart rate variability and EEG. Thesystem can measure, record, and process within the headset circuitry theelectrophysiology and transmit data in pre or post-processed form forremote cloud-based analysis or on the imbedded computer processing unit.Using real-time artifact correction algorithms the device is able toprovide feedback to the user of EEG and blood volume pulse signal. Thesystem further provides for EMG feedback and ECG feedback.

Video games are made further interactive with the condition of the humanelectrophysiology utilizing specific neuro-networks of the brain andparticular regions of the brain responsible for different brainfunctions such as attention, language processing, memory processing,executive functions, affect, emotional processing. The lens 620 allowsfor the user to be placed in an immersive environment and engage invarious degrees of interactivity.

One such example of interactivity is engaging video games where the userplay can be directly influenced by the measured feedback from theheadgear 100 or 600. For example, the game may integrate EEG featuresrelative to the avatar or video game character, where those features aremeasured from the user.

Another example of interactivity is neuromarketing, whereby the headgear600 allows for collection of neurological data relating to marketing.For example, data collection can include tracking users as they viewcommercials, collecting electrophysiology measurements. Another examplemay be having the user wear the device and actively enter a retailestablishment or other arena in which the user is subjected tomarketing, again measuring electrophysiology data.

Therefore, the headgear assembly improves upon prior headgear for notonly data collection techniques, but also wearability. The inclusion ofadjustability of the placement of the sensors provides a wider degree ofusability and testability by displacing the sensors at various locationsby adjusting the position of the sensors within the track and adjustingthe position of the track over the user's cranium by articulating thebars 608.

While the disclosed technology herein references the above embodiments,a person having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that changescan be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and thescope of the disclosed technology. The described embodiments are to beconsidered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. Allchanges that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope. Combinations of any of themethods, systems, and devices described herein are also contemplated andwithin the scope of the disclosed technology.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electrophysiology measurement apparatuscomprising: a cross-bar having a track disposed therein; and atranscranial stimulation sensor connectable within the track, the sensorpositionable for contacting engagement with a head of a user forcommunication of a electrophysiology signal therethrough.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the transcranial stimulation sensor is atranscranial alternating current stimulation sensor.
 3. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the transcranial stimulation sensor is a transcranialdirect current stimulation sensor.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe transcranial stimulation sensor is a transcranial magneticstimulation sensor.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor isconnectable within the track using a magnet.
 6. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the electrophysiology signal communicated through the sensorincludes an electromyography signal.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the electrophysiology signal communicated through the sensorincludes an electroencephalogram signal.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the electrophysiology signal communicated through the sensorincludes an electrocardiography signal.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1further comprising: at least one processing device processing theelectrophysiology signal as acquired from the user via the sensor. 10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one processing device isin communication with an external processing system forelectrophysiology measurements.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, whereinthe communication with the external processing system is via at leastone: wireless communication and wired communication.
 12. The apparatusof claim 1 further comprising: at least one processing device processingthe electrophysiology signal directed to the user via the sensor. 13.The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a first side-bar incontacting engagement with the cross-bar; and at least one sensorattached on the first side-bar for contacting engagement with the headof the user.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising: at leastone hinge mechanism engaging the first side-bar to the cross-bar,whereby the at least one hinge mechanism allows for the articulation ofthe first side-bar relative to the cross-bar.
 15. The apparatus of claim13 further comprising: a second side-bar in contacting engagement withthe cross-bar; and at least one sensor attached on the second side-barfor contacting engagement with the head of the user.
 16. The apparatusof claim 1 further comprising: at least one audio receiving deviceoperative to receive audio input from the user.
 17. The apparatus ofclaim 1 further comprising: a lens operative to display a visual displaythereon.
 18. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: at least onespeaker disposed in an earpiece, operative to provide audio output tothe user.
 19. Electrophysiology measurement headgear comprising: across-bar having a track disposed therein; and a transcranialstimulation sensor connectable within the track, the sensor positionablefor contacting engagement with a head of a user for communication of aelectrophysiology signal therethrough. Wherein the transcranialstimulation sensor is at least one of: a transcranial alternatingcurrent stimulation sensor; a transcranial direct current stimulationsensor; and a transcranial magnetic stimulation sensor. 20.Electophysiology measurement headgear comprising: a cross-bar having atrack disposed therein; and a transcranial stimulation sensorconnectable within the track, the sensor positionable for contactingengagement with a head of a user for communication of aelectrophysiology signal therethrough, wherein the electrophysiologysignal communicated through the sensor includes at least one of: anelectromyography signal; an electroencephalogram signal and anelectrocardiography signal.